Carbon was known since ancient times although not recognised as an element until much later. Carbon has been used as charcoal, soot and coal since prehistoric times. The word carbon comes from the Latin word "carbo", meaning charcoal.
Name: Carbon
Symbol: C
Atomic number: 6
Atomic weight: 12.011
State: solid
Group, period, block: 14, 2, p
Color: clear (diamond) & black (graphite)
Classification: Non-metallic
Electron configuration: 1s2 2s2 2p2
2,4
Physical properties
Density: 2267 kg m-3
Melting point: 3800 [or 3500 °C (6400 °F)] K
Boiling point: 4300 [or 4027 °C (7281 °F)] K
Atomic properties
Oxidation states: 4, 3[6], 2, 1[7], 0, -1, -2, -3, -4[8]
Electronegativity: 2.55 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies: 1st: 1086.5 kJ·mol-1
Covalent radius: 77(sp3), 73(sp2), 69(sp) pm
Van der Waals radius: 170 pm
- C
Electron Configuration
Isotopes
There are three naturally occurring isotopes of carbon exist, 12C, 13C and 14C.
14C is radioactive isotope.