Periodic Table of Elements

31

Gallium

69.723

First proposed to exist by Dmitri Mendeleyev in 1871. Gallium was discovered by the French chemist Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in France in 1875.

Name: Gallium
Symbol: Ga
Atomic number: 31
Atomic weight: 69.723
State: solid
Group, period, block: 13, 4, p
Color: silver-white
Classification: post-transition metal
Electron configuration: 4s2 3d10 4p1
2,8,18,3

Physical properties

Density: 5.91 g/cm-3
Melting point: 302.9146 K, 29.7646 °C, 85.5763 °F
Boiling point: 2477 K, 2204 °C, 3999 °F

Atomic properties

Oxidation states: 3, 2, 1
Electronegativity: 1.81 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies: 1st: 578.8 kJ·mol-1
Covalent radius: 122±3 pm
Van der Waals radius: 187 pm
  • Ga
  • Electron Configuration

Isotopes

There are two naturally occurring isotopes of gallium exist, 69Ga, and 71Ga.